Worship
Sunnah & Special Prayers
One home for voluntary prayers and prayer in special circumstances.
Witr
- An emphasized night prayer performed after Isha until Fajr; make it the final prayer of the night when practical.
- It is prayed in an odd number of rak‘ahs. Details of three rak‘ahs and qunut differ between schools.
- If you already prayed Witr, do not repeat it after later Tahajjud.
Duha · forenoon prayer
- Its time begins after sunrise has risen clearly and lasts until shortly before Dhuhr.
- Pray at least two rak‘ahs, in sets of two; scholars mention different preferred maximums.
- It is a prayer of gratitude and is also called Salat al-Awwabin in relevant narrations.
Rawatib · prayers around the obligatory salah
- The most emphasized pattern totals twelve rak‘ahs: two before Fajr; four before and two after Dhuhr; two after Maghrib; two after Isha.
- Pray voluntary prayers at home when possible, except prayers legislated in congregation.
- Do not treat a sunnah prayer as obligatory, but protect a consistent practice.
Mosque, wudu and everyday occasions
- Tahiyyatul Masjid: pray two rak‘ahs before sitting when entering the mosque, unless an obligatory prayer has begun.
- After wudu: two rak‘ahs are recommended when time and circumstances allow.
- Istikhara is for a permissible decision; Janazah, Eid and rain/eclipse prayers have their own rulings.
Travel, illness and accessibility
- A qualifying traveller shortens four-rak‘ah prayers to two; combining is permitted in recognised circumstances, with details differing by school.
- Prayer is not abandoned because standing is impossible: pray sitting, lying down or with gestures according to ability.
- Seek individual guidance for chronic illness, medical equipment, bleeding or uncertain travel status.